RESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between route of delivery and other aspects of pregnancy and the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage in newborns of very low weight at a teaching hospital in South Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Medical records of all patients who were born weighing ≤ 1,500 g and who were submitted to transfontanellar ultrasonography were analyzed from January 2011 to September 2014. The cases were newborns with diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, while newborns with regular exams were used as controls. Differences between groups were analyzed by the Student t test and by χ2 or Fisher exact tests, and association was determined using the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and α = 5%. RESULTS: A total of 222 newborns with birth weight ≤ 1,500 g were recorded; of these, 113 were submitted to transfontanellar ultrasonography and were included in the study. Sixty-nine (61.1%) newborns were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage (cases) and 44 (38.9%) showed no abnormal results (controls). Most cases had grade I hemorrhage (96.8%) originating from the germinative matrix (95.7%). The predominant route of delivery was caesarean section (81.2% of the cases and 72.7% of the controls). Five deaths were recorded (3 cases and 2 controls). Gestational age ranged from 24 to 37 weeks. Median birth weight was 1,205 g (range: 675-1,500 g). The median time of hospitalization was 52 days, ranging from 5 to 163 days. CONCLUSION: Grade I intracranial hemorrhage from the germinative matrix was the most frequent. No differences were found between cases and controls for the variables studied. The small number of infants submitted to transfontanellar ultrasonography limited the sample size and the results of the study.
Assuntos
Parto Obstétrico , Hemorragias Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , GravidezRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação da via de parto e de outros aspectos perinatais com a ocorrência de hemorragia intracraniana em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso-controle. Foram analisados os prontuários de todos os recém-nascidos que nasceram com peso ≤1.500 g, no período de janeiro de 2011 a setembro de 2014, e que foram submetidos ao exame de ultrassonografia transfontanela. Foram selecionados como casos os que tiveram diagnóstico de hemorragia intracraniana e como controles, os que apresentaram exame normal. As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelo teste t de Student, do χ2 ou exato de Fisher, e a medida de associação foi a odds ratio, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e α=5%. RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 222 nascimentos com peso ao nascer ≤1.500 g; desses, 113 foram submetidos à ultrassonografia transfontanela e puderam ser incluídos no estudo. Em 69 (61,1%) casos houve o diagnóstico de hemorragia intracraniana (casos) e 44 (38,9%) tiveram o exame de ultrassonografia transfontanela normal (controles). A maioria dos casos apresentou hemorragia grau I (96,8%) com origem na matriz germinativa (95,7%). A via de parto predominante foi a cesárea (81,2% dos casos e 72,7% dos controles). Foram registrados 5 óbitos, sendo 3 casos e 2 controles. A idade gestacional variou de 24 a 37 semanas. O peso ao nascer mediano foi de 1.205 g (variação: 675-1.500 g). O tempo de internação hospitalar mediano do bebê foi de 52 dias, variando de 5 a 163 dias. CONCLUSÃO: A hemorragia intracraniana da matriz germinativa grau I foi a mais frequente. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre casos e controles para as variáveis estudadas. O baixo número de recém-nascidos que foram submetidos à ultrassonografia transfontanela limitou o tamanho amostral e os resultados do estudo. .
PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between route of delivery and other aspects of pregnancy and the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage in newborns of very low weight at a teaching hospital in South Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Medical records of all patients who were born weighing ≤1,500 g and who were submitted to transfontanellar ultrasonography were analyzed from January 2011 to September 2014. The cases were newborns with diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, while newborns with regular exams were used as controls. Differences between groups were analyzed by the Student t test and by χ2 or Fisher exact tests, and association was determined using the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and α=5%. RESULTS: A total of 222 newborns with birth weight ≤1,500 g were recorded; of these, 113 were submitted to transfontanellar ultrasonography and were included in the study. Sixty-nine (61.1%) newborns were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage (cases) and 44 (38.9%) showed no abnormal results (controls). Most cases had grade I hemorrhage (96.8%) originating from the germinative matrix (95.7%). The predominant route of delivery was caesarean section (81.2% of the cases and 72.7% of the controls). Five deaths were recorded (3 cases and 2 controls). Gestational age ranged from 24 to 37 weeks. Median birth weight was 1,205 g (range: 675-1,500 g). The median time of hospitalization was 52 days, ranging from 5 to 163 days. CONCLUSION: Grade I intracranial hemorrhage from the germinative matrix was the most frequent. No differences were found between cases and controls for the variables studied. The small number of infants submitted to transfontanellar ultrasonography limited the sample size and the results of the study. .
